Access to external markets offers opportunities but also creates structural vulnerabilities. According to FAO and the European Commission, dependence on exports exposes agriculture to external shocks: geopolitical conflicts, trade restrictions, and rapid changes in demand.

In Romania’s case, the concentration of exports on a few major markets amplifies risk. Eurostat data indicate limited diversification of destinations, which reduces the capacity to adapt in times of crisis. In 2024–2025, logistical blockages and shifts in trade policy affected the predictability of deliveries.

Another element is the lack of control over the final price. Farmers and small exporters typically operate as price-takers, without real bargaining power. From an economic perspective, this transfers market risk to the producer.

For 2026, exports must be integrated into a broader risk management strategy. Market diversification, clear contracts, and investments in processing are essential for reducing vulnerability. In their absence, exports may generate additional exposure rather than financial stability.

(Photo: Freepik)