Energy use is a central component of farm operating expenses, and volatility in the energy market directly influences their competitiveness. According to Eurostat – Energy Price Statistics 2024, electricity prices for non-household consumers remained high across the EU, although a slight decrease was recorded compared with the previous year. In Romania, INS data confirm the same trend, with significant regional variations and notable differences between small and large farms.

In livestock production, energy is required for ventilation, lighting, milk cooling, automated systems and irrigation, meaning price increases can quickly erode profit margins. DG AGRI assessments show that farms adopting energy-efficient equipment reduce their consumption by 15–25%, depending on the technologies implemented.

In Romania, interest in photovoltaic systems has grown, as reflected by the high number of projects submitted to AFIR in 2024. Although the initial investment is substantial, long-term cost reductions and increased energy independence provide strategic advantages for livestock farms.

The 2023–2027 CAP Strategic Plan supports farm modernisation through energy-efficient equipment, including pumps, lighting systems and low-consumption cooling units. In 2025, farmers who optimise their energy use and adopt modern solutions will be better positioned to stabilise costs and improve economic resilience.

(Photo: Freepik)