Romania is facing one of the fastest declines in the number of dairy farms in the European Union. According to data from the National Institute of Statistics (INS) and Eurostat, over 40% of milk farms have disappeared in the past decade. However, total milk production has remained relatively stable, due to consolidation into larger, more technologically advanced commercial units.

In 2024, Romania produced approximately 1.1 billion liters of cow’s milk delivered to processors, ranking as the 11th largest producer in the EU. At the same time, more than 70% of farms own fewer than 10 cows, which limits their access to markets and to support schemes aimed at commercial holdings.

The National Strategic Plan (2023–2027) has introduced new funding lines for digitalization, genetics, and milk collection centers. The Rural Investment Financing Agency (AFIR) reported a 35% increase in approved livestock projects compared to the previous year. Despite this progress, high energy and feed costs continue to weigh heavily on the profitability of small farmers.

Experts estimate that the future of the dairy sector depends on association, cooperation, and technological innovation. Farms that invest in automated milking systems, renewable energy, and digital management will remain competitive, while those that stay isolated are expected to gradually disappear from the market.

(Photo: Freepik)