Heat stress has become one of the main factors influencing the performance of dairy farms, particularly in regions exposed to high temperatures and increased humidity. European technical studies show that milk production begins to decline visibly when the temperature-humidity index (THI) exceeds the threshold of 68–72, while losses become significant above THI 78, at which point cows reduce feed intake and alter their feeding behavior.

Production losses can range between 2% and 15%, depending on the intensity and duration of heat stress. The effects are not limited to volume alone; milk composition is also affected. Fat and protein levels may decrease by 0.1–0.3 percentage points, while the risk of mastitis increases as a result of metabolic stress. Reduced feed intake disrupts energy balance, which compromises fertility and prolongs the calving interval.

High-performing farms in the EU use targeted ventilation, fine mist cooling systems, and housing designed for optimal air circulation. In Romania, housing structures vary widely, and modernized farms manage to limit losses through active microclimate management. In 2025, adaptation to climatic conditions will become a technical priority, in the context of increasingly frequent episodes of extreme temperatures.

(Photo: Freepik)