Energy has become one of the critical factors for the competitiveness of farms. According to Eurostat and INS data, in the period 2024–2025 electricity and fuel prices remained above the averages recorded before the energy crisis, despite temporary adjustments.

For crop farming, diesel costs directly influence production expenses, especially in farms with intensive mechanized operations. In livestock farming, electricity is essential for ventilation, cooling, automated milking, and cold storage. The increase in energy costs is immediately reflected in the cost per unit of product.

European Commission data indicate that in some Member States energy accounts for between 8% and 15% of the operational costs of intensive farms. In Romania, the share varies depending on the sector, but remains significant for large commercial farms.

For 2026, energy market volatility remains a structural risk. From an economic perspective, farms without stable contracts or without alternative energy generation solutions are exposed to fluctuations that can quickly erode profit margins.

(Photo: Freepik)