EU Chemicals Agency Launches Assessment of Persistent Pollutant TFA Amid Growing Health and Environmental Concerns

In a significant step toward safeguarding public health and the environment, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has initiated a detailed assessment of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) — a highly persistent chemical compound detected in drinking water and wines across Europe, according to Euractiv.

This initiative follows mounting concerns about the presence of TFA, a breakdown product of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) — often dubbed “forever chemicals” due to their extreme resistance to environmental degradation.

What Is TFA and Why Does It Matter?

TFA is formed through the degradation of widely used pesticides and refrigerants. Owing to its high solubility in water and chemical stability, it accumulates in aquatic environments and has been found in drinking water sources and food products, including wines from various European regions.

Its widespread presence has raised alarms about its potential risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems.

Widespread Environmental Contamination

Recent studies have revealed significant concentrations of TFA in groundwater and precipitation, signaling extensive environmental contamination. For example, in Denmark, groundwater TFA levels have increased tenfold over recent decades. Furthermore, a PAN Europe network study detected TFA in 98% of water samples collected from ten EU countries.

Public Consultation and Potential Regulation

In response to these findings, ECHA has launched a 60-day public consultation to gather additional scientific data and stakeholder opinions regarding TFA. This consultation is part of a broader risk assessment process that could result in TFA being classified as toxic to reproduction.

Such a classification would have far-reaching implications, potentially leading to the restriction of certain pesticides and refrigerants responsible for TFA formation.

Industry vs. Public Health

The chemical industry has expressed concern about the economic implications of stricter regulations. Industry representatives argue that such measures could harm European competitiveness, especially in sectors reliant on PFAS technologies.

However, public health and environmental experts emphasize the urgent need for action to halt the continued accumulation of TFA and mitigate long-term risks to both ecosystems and human health.

Towards a Broader EU Water Strategy

In parallel, the European Commission has acknowledged the growing threat of persistent chemical contamination and has opened a dialogue with EU Member States to craft a comprehensive water management strategy. This strategy aims to enhance water quality and reduce chemical pollution, including PFAS-related contamination.

A Critical Juncture for EU Chemical Policy

ECHA’s ongoing evaluation of TFA marks a critical moment in the EU’s efforts to address the challenges posed by “forever chemicals.” The outcomes of this assessment are expected to shape future European policy on the use and regulation of persistent substances — with significant implications for public health protection and environmental sustainability across the European Union.